| Number of Members | 350,000[1] | 8,687,000[2] |
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| How does one get saved? | Sola fide: Repent of your sins and believe in Jesus Christ's death and resurrection alone to save you. | Repent of your sins, believe in Jesus Christ's death and resurrection to save you, be baptized, and do good works for the rest of your life. The 144,000 most faithful Christians will go to heaven; the rest will live on earth. |
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| Who gets saved? | Anyone who chooses by his own free will to believe and accept God's gift of grace will be saved. | Anyone who chooses by his own free will to believe and accept God's gift of grace will be saved. |
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| Can one lose his salvation? | Eternal security: No, once a Christian is saved, he is always saved. | Yes, a Christian can lose his salvation by apostasy. |
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| Who gets baptized and why? | Saved people get baptized as a public demonstration of their new lives. | Saved people get baptized as a public demonstration of their new lives.[3] |
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| How should baptism be done? | Baptism should be by immersion. | Baptism should be by immersion.[3] |
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| When does one receive the Holy Spirit? | The Holy Spirit is received at the moment of salvation. | God's holy spirit is received after one prays for it, learns God's Word, and lives in line with it.[4][5] |
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| What is the trinity? | Most believe the Trinity is God existing as one god in three equal, eternal, cosubstantial persons: God the Father, God the Son (Jesus Christ), and God the Holy Spirit. | There is no Trinity. Jesus is God's first creation, and the Holy Spirit is not a person. |
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| What is the human nature? | Humans have a יֵצֶר הַרַע (yetzer hara)—an inclination to do evil—and, upon reaching 12 for girls and 13 for boys, develop a יֵצֶר הַטוֹב (yetzer hatov)—a weaker inclination to do good. | Human nature is corrupt and naturally inclined to evil. |
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| Are we guilty of Adam's original sin? | No, we are not guilty of Adam's sin, but we did inherit the consequences and a corrupt human nature from him, causing us all to sin. | No, we are not guilty of Adam's sin, but we did inherit the consequences and a corrupt human nature from him, causing us all to sin. |
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| Are Christians required to keep the Old Testament ceremonial laws? | Yes, Messianic Jews should follow the Torah, although Gentile Christians are not required to. | No, the ceremonial laws of Judaism were fulfilled and done away with by Jesus. |
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| Can Christians become sinless in this earthly life? | No, although Christians can and should sin less, they can never become sinless in this life. | No, although Christians can and should sin less, they can never become sinless in this life. |
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| Do the elements of communion become the body and blood of Christ? | No, the elements merely symbolically represent the body and blood of Christ. | No, the elements merely symbolically represent the body and blood of Christ.[6] |
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| Can one be baptized of behalf of someone who has died? | No, the dead cannot be baptized. | No, the dead cannot be baptized. |
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| What happens if a saved person dies without being perfect? | Once Christians leave their sinful bodies, nothing else is needed to receive glorified, sinless bodies. | Death itself is the full and complete punishment for sin.[7] |
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| Did Mary ever sin? | Yes, Mary sinned like all other humans except Jesus. | Yes, Mary sinned like all other humans except Jesus. |
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| What are the requirements for clergy? | | No clergy is employed. All members are ministers, but only men who have been ministerial servants may be elders. |
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| How many church ordinances/sacraments are there? | Messianic Jews should practice Immersion.[8][9][10][11][12] | The church has two ordinances: Baptism and Holy Communion.[6][13] |
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| To whom do Christians need to confess their sins? | Confession should be made directly to God, but confession to another believer is beneficial for some sins.[14][15] | Confession should be made directly to God, but confession to another believer is beneficial for some sins.[16] |
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| How should a church be structured? | Congregationalist: Every church congregation should be independent and governed by its members. | |
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| What day of the week should Christians worship? | Messianic Jews observe Shabbat on Saturday. | Jehovah's Witnesses meet on any two days of the week. |
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| How does God's revelation come to us today? | Prima scriptura: There are many sources of God's revelation, although none can contradict the Bible.[17] | The Bible, as interpreted by the Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses, is the only infallible source of God's revelation. |
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| How many books are in the Bible? | There are 66 canonical books of the Bible: 39 Old Testament books and 27 New Testament books. | There are 66 canonical books of the Bible: 39 Old Testament books and 27 New Testament books.[18] |
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| Who can speak with God's authority today? | | The Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses is God's "faithful and discreet slave" and "spokesman", although it does so imperfectly. |
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| How was the earth created? | | The earth was formed by gravity pulling dust together, which ultimately came from the Big Bang.[19] |
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| What is marriage? | Marriage is a covenant before God between one man and one woman.[20] | Marriage is a covenant before God between one man and one woman. |
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| Is sex permissible outside marriage? | No, sex outside of marriage is not permissible.[21] | No, sex outside of marriage is not permissible.[22] |
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| When is divorce permissible? | Divorce is permissible for adultery, abuse, or abandonment.[23] | Divorce is only permissible for adultery.[24] |
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| May a Christian remarry while his former spouse is still alive? | Yes, a Messianic Jew may freely remarry after a divorce which was for a valid reason.[23] | Yes, a Christian may remarry after divorce if the divorce was for a valid reason.[25] |
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| When does a fetus become human? | Humanity begins at conception.[26][27] | Humanity begins at conception.[28] |
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| Is contraception permissible? | Yes, contraceptives are permissible as long as the couple eventually have at least two children.[29] | Yes, contraceptives are permissible.[30] |
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| Are blood transfusions permissible? | Yes, blood transfusions are permissible.[31][32] | No, blood transfusions are not permissible.[33] |
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| Should women cover their heads? | Varies widely[34][35][36] | Women should cover their heads when praying or teaching when a man normally would.[37][38] |
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| Should Christians drink alcohol? | Yes, drinking alcohol is fine as long as one does not get drunk.[39] | Yes, drinking alcohol is fine as long as one does not get drunk.[40] |
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| Should Christians fight in wars? | | No, Christians should never fight.[41] |
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| Whom does the Holy Spirit come from? | | God's holy spirit comes from God alone. |
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| Where does a Christian's soul go after death? | | After death, one's existence ceases until and unless God resurrects him.[42] |
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