| a.k.a. | | Calvinist |
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| Number of Members | 210,000,000[1] | 75,000,000 |
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| How does one get saved? | Repent of your sins, believe in Jesus Christ's death and resurrection, and be baptized.[2] | Sola fide: Repent of your sins and believe in Jesus Christ's death and resurrection alone to save you. |
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| Who gets saved? | Anyone who chooses by his own free will to believe and accept God's gift of grace will be saved. | Those who God chooses to call will be saved and no one else. |
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| Can one lose his salvation? | Yes, a Christian can lose his salvation by apostasy. | Eternal security: No, once a Christian is saved, he is always saved. |
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| Who gets baptized and why? | The unsaved, typically as infants, get baptized as the first sacrament of Christian initiation, cleansing them of all sins. | Saved people and their infant children get baptized as a sign of God's grace.[3] |
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| How should baptism be done? | Baptism should be by triple immersion. | Baptism can be by immersion, pouring, or sprinkling. |
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| When does one receive the Holy Spirit? | The Holy Spirit is received at chrismation, generally immediately after baptism. | The Holy Spirit is received at the moment of salvation.[4] |
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| What is the trinity? | The Trinity is God existing as one god in three equal, eternal, cosubstantial persons: God the Father, God the Son (Jesus Christ), and God the Holy Spirit. | The Trinity is God existing as one god in three equal, eternal, cosubstantial persons: God the Father, God the Son (Jesus Christ), and God the Holy Spirit. |
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| What is the human nature? | Human nature is intrinsically good but is wounded and incapable of choosing God in our fallen environment.[5][6] | Total depravity: Human nature is corrupt, naturally inclined to evil, and incapable of choosing God on his own. |
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| Are we guilty of Adam's original sin? | No, we are not guilty of Adam's sin, nor did we inherit a sinful nature from him, but we did inherit the consequences.[7] | Federalism: Yes, Adam represented all of the human race, and all are guilty of his sin. |
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| Are Christians required to keep the Old Testament ceremonial laws? | No, the ceremonial laws of Judaism were fulfilled and done away with by Jesus. | No, the ceremonial laws of Judaism were fulfilled and done away with by Jesus. |
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| Can Christians become sinless in this earthly life? | Yes, Christian perfection is possible. | No, although Christians can and should sin less, they can never become sinless in this life. |
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| Do the elements of communion become the body and blood of Christ? | Metousiosis: Yes, the bread and the wine change in essence into the body and blood of Christ. | No, the elements do not become the body and blood of Christ, but Christ is present in an unknown way. |
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| Can one be baptized of behalf of someone who has died? | No, the dead cannot be baptized. | No, the dead cannot be baptized. |
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| What happens if a saved person dies without being perfect? | There is no purgatory, but Christians will continue in theosis after death.[8] | Once Christians leave their sinful bodies, nothing else is needed to receive glorified, sinless bodies.[9][10] |
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| Did Mary ever sin? | Mary was prone to sin like anyone else, but no, through her own free will she still never did. | Yes, Mary sinned like all other humans except Jesus. |
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| What spiritual gifts are available today? | Continuationism: All spiritual gifts are still available to believers. | Cessationism: Spiritual gifts used for serving are available today, while gifts used as signs have ceased.[11] |
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| What framework has God used in dealing with man? | | Covenant theology: God acts either within the covenant of works or the covenant of grace.[12] |
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| What is the gift of tongues? | Speaking in tongues is sometimes unintelligible and sometimes foreign human languages.[13][14] | The gift of tongues is the ability to speak foreign human languages without knowing how.[15] |
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| What are the requirements for clergy? | Priests must be men over 30 ordained by bishops. | Experienced men above reproach, faithful to their wives and with with obedient children if applicable, and able to teach are to be appointed as pastors. |
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| How many church ordinances/sacraments are there? | The church has seven sacraments: Baptism, Chrism, Holy Eucharist, Confession, Ordination, Marriage, and Holy Unction.[16] | The church has two ordinances: Baptism and Holy Communion. |
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| Who can take communion? | Only members of the church can participate in Holy Communion.[17] | |
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| To whom do Christians need to confess their sins? | Confession should be made to God before a priest.[18] | Confession should be made directly to God, but confession to another believer is beneficial for some sins. |
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| How should a church be structured? | Episcopal: Churches should be governed by the bishop in that episcopacy, who in turn is governed by a patriarch of an autocephalous church. The Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople is first among equals. | Varies widely |
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| What day of the week should Christians worship? | Christians worship on Sunday. | Christians worship on Sunday. |
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| How does God's revelation come to us today? | Sacred Scripture and Sacred Tradition have equal authority and comprise one finished deposit of faith. | Prima scriptura: There are many sources of God's revelation, although none can contradict the Bible. |
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| How was the Bible written? | | Verbal plenary inspiration: The Bible was written by men who had every word supernaturaly inspired by God.[19] |
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| How many books are in the Bible? | There are 76 canonical books of the Bible: 39 protocanonical books, 10 deuterocanonical books, and 27 New Testament books. | There are 66 canonical books of the Bible: 39 Old Testament books and 27 New Testament books. |
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| Was the Bible written inerrantly? | | Yes, the Bible was written without any error.[19] |
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| Who can speak with God's authority today? | The church as a whole speaks with God's authority at ecumenical councils. | Nobody today can speak for God. |
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| How was the earth created? | No established doctrine | Creationism: The earth was spoken into existence by God. |
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| What is marriage? | Marriage is a covenant before God between one man and one woman. | Marriage is a covenant before God between one man and one woman.[20] |
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| Is sex permissible outside marriage? | No, sex outside of marriage is not permissible. | No, sex outside of marriage is not permissible.[21][22] |
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| When is divorce permissible? | Divorce is permissible for adultery, abuse, or abandonment.[23][24] | Divorce is permissible for adultery or desertion.[25][26] |
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| May a Christian remarry while his former spouse is still alive? | Yes, a Christian may remarry a second or third time for human weakness.[24] | The innocent party to the adultery may remarry.[27] |
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| When does a fetus become human? | Humanity begins at conception.[28] | Humanity begins at conception.[29][30] |
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| Is contraception permissible? | Most believe that yes, contraceptives are permissible.[31][32] | Yes, contraceptives are permissible.[33] |
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| Are blood transfusions permissible? | Yes, blood transfusions are permissible. | Yes, blood transfusions are permissible. |
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| Should women cover their heads? | Varies widely | |
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| Should Christians drink alcohol? | Yes, drinking alcohol is fine as long as one does not get drunk. | Varies widely |
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| Should Christians fight in wars? | Yes, Christians can fight in just wars.[34][35][36] | Yes, Christians should fight in just wars.[37] |
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| Whom does the Holy Spirit come from? | The Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father alone. | The Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father and the Son.[38] |
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| Who can be demon-possessed? | | Demons can possess unbelievers but not Christians. |
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| Do icons glorify God? | Yes, icons are holy and should be venerated.[39] | Most believe no, icons violate the Second Commandment against graven images. Icons of Christ are especially prohibited.[40][41][42] |
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| Where does a Christian's soul go after death? | After death, souls sit conscious in an Intermediate State, with a foretaste of heaven for Christians.[43] | Christians immediately go to heaven when they die.[9][44] |
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| When will the church be raptured? | The church will not be raptured at any point. | |
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| When is the millennial reign of Christ happen? | Amillennialism: The millennial reign of Christ is an indefinite period of time beginning on the day of Pentecost and ending at His Second Coming. | |
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